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In linguistics, verb phrase ellipsis (VP-ellipsis or VPE) is an elliptical construction in which a non-finite verb phrase has been left out (elided), e.g. ''She will sell sea shells, and he will sell sea shells too''. VP-ellipsis is a well-studied kind of ellipsis,〔Prominent explorations of VP-ellipsis are, for instance, those of Hankamer and Sag (1976), Hardt (1993), and Johnson (2001).〕 particularly with regard to its occurrence in English,〔An extensive corpus study is found in Bos and Spenader (2011).〕 although certain types can be found in other languages as well.〔See Goldberg (2005) for a sustained argument that verb phrase ellipsis is also found in certain verb-raising languages.〕 ==Features of verb phrase ellipsis in English== In the types of VP-ellipsis considered here, which are features of English grammar, the elided VP must be a non-finite VP; it cannot be a finite VP. Further, the ellipsis must be introduced by an auxiliary verb (''be'', ''can'', ''do'', ''don't'', ''could'', ''have'', ''may'', ''might'', ''shall'', ''should'', ''will'', ''won't'', ''would'', etc.) or by the infinitive particle ''to''.〔See Kroeger (2004:35) concerning the necessity that an auxiliary verb be "left behind" in order to license VP-ellipsis.〕 In the examples below, the elided material of VP-ellipsis is indicated using subscripts and a smaller font and the antecedent to the ellipsis is bolded: ::You might do it, but I won't do it. ::She won't laugh, but he will laugh. ::Susan has been cheating, and Fred has been cheating too. ::Larry is not telling the truth, neither is Jim telling the truth. Attempts at VP-ellipsis that lack an auxiliary verb fail, unless the infinitive particle ''to'' is retained: ::a. *Sam wants to eat, and Fred wants to eat as well. ( * indicates that the sentence is ungrammatical) ::b. Sam wants to eat, and Fred wants to eat as well. ::a. *Josh likes to sleep late, and Hillary likes to sleep late as well. ::b. Josh likes to sleep late, and Hillary likes to sleep late as well. Apparent exceptions to this restriction on VP-ellipsis may be instances of null complement anaphora, e.g. ''?Bill tried to leave, and Jim tried to leave too''. A particularly frequent construction in which VP-ellipsis (obligatorily) occurs is the tag question: ::Jeremy likes beer, doesn't he like beer? - Tag question involves VP-ellipsis ::Susan will write the paper, won't she write the paper? - Tag question involves VP-ellipsis 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Verb phrase ellipsis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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